## Migrating from GnomeUIInfo

Prior to GTK+ 2.4, some applications used the GnomeUIInfo mechanism from `<libgnomeui/gnome-app-helper.h>` to define their menus and toolbars. With it, a program decleres an array of GnomeUIInfo structures, which contain information for menu or toolbar items such as their label, icon, and accelerator key. Then, one calls `gnome_app_fill_menu()` or `gnome_app_fill_toolbar()`, or one of the related functions, to create the appropriate widgets based on these structures.

A downside of this API is that the same structures are used to pass back pointers to the widgets that got created. This means that the structures cannot simply be kept around if the program requires multiple instances of the user interface (e.g. several windows); each new invocation of `gnome_app_fill_menu()` would overwrite the widget fields of the structures.

Another disadvantage is that there is no automatic way to synchronize the state of related controls. If there are toolbar toogle buttons for "Bold", "Italic", "Underline", and also corresponding menu items under "Format/Bold", etc., one has to synchronize their toggled states by hand whenever the user selects any one of them.

Finally, there is no way to do menu and toolbar merging for applications that require embedded components.

To convert an application that uses GnomeUIInfo into the new GtkAction mechanism, you need to do several things:

1. Separate your existing GnomeUIInfo entries into normal actions, toggle actions, and radio actions, and then create a separate array of GtkActionEntry structures for each group. This will allow you to create the necessary GtkActionGroup objects. Note that this does not describe the actual "shape" that your menus and toolbars will have; it simply defines the set of commands that will appear in them.

2. Create an XML description of your menus and toolbars for use with GtkUIManager. This defines the actual shape of the menus and toolbars.

3. Port the code that uses gnome-app and gnome-app-helper to GtkAction and GtkUIManager.

4. If your GnomeUIInfo entries use GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_DATA or GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_FILENAME for pixmaps, you have to create a GtkIconFactory, add it to the list of default factories, then create a GtkIconSet for each of your own icons. Add the sets to the factory, and use the id in the GtkActionEntry like a regular GTK+ stock id.

Example 1. GnomeUIInfo Example

The following code shows a declaration of a simple menu bar to be used with `gnome_app_fill_menu()` or similar. The menu hierarchy looks like this:

- File

  Open
  —
  Exit

- View

  Zoom In
  Zoom Out
  —
  [ ] Full Screen
  —
  ( ) High Quality
  ( ) Normal Quality
  ( ) Low Quality

    static GnomeUIInfo file_menu_items[] = {
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "_Open", "Open a file",
        open_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_STOCK, GTK_STOCK_OPEN,
        'o', GDK_CONTROL_MASK, NULL },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_SEPARATOR },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "E_xit", "Exit the program",
        exit_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_STOCK, GTK_STOCK_QUIT,
        'q', GDK_CONTROL_MASK, NULL},
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ENDOFINFO }
    };

    static GnomeUIInfo view_radio_items[] = {
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "_High Quality", "Display images in high quality, slow mode",
        high_quality_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_FILENAME, "high-quality.png",
        0, 0, NULL },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "_Normal Quality", "Display images in normal quality",
        normal_quality_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_FILENAME, "normal-quality.png",
        0, 0, NULL },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "_Low Quality", "Display images in low quality, fast mode",
        low_quality_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_FILENAME, "low-quality.png",
        0, 0, NULL },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ENDOFINFO }
    };

    static GnomeUIInfo view_menu_items[] = {
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "Zoom _In", "Zoom into the image",
        zoom_in_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_STOCK, GTK_STOCK_ZOOM_IN,
        GDK_PLUS, 0, NULL },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ITEM, "Zoom _Out", "Zoom away from the image",
        zoom_out_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_STOCK, GTK_STOCK_ZOOM_OUT,
        GDK_MINUS, 0, NULL },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_SEPARATOR },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_TOGGLEITEM, "_Full Screen", "Switch between full screen and windowed mode",
        full_screen_callback, NULL, NULL, GNOME_APP_PIXMAP_NONE, NULL,
        GDK_F11, 0, NULL },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_SEPARATOR },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_RADIOITEMS, NULL, NULL, view_radio_items },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ENDOFINFO }
    };

    static GnomeUIInfo menubar[] = {
      { GNOME_APP_UI_SUBTREE, "_File", NULL, file_menu_items },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_SUBTREE, "_View", NULL, view_menu_items },
      { GNOME_APP_UI_ENDOFINFO }
    }

Example 2. GtkActionEntry Structures

The following code is the set of actions that are present in the previous example. Note that the toggle and radio entries are separate from normal actions. Also, note that GtkActionEntry structures take key names in the format of `gdk_accelerator_parse()` rather than key values plus modifiers; you will have to convert these values by hand. For example, `GDK_F11` with no modifiers is equivalent to a key name of `"F11"`. Likewise, `"o"` with `GDK_CONTROL_MASK` is equivalent to `"<ontrol>O"`.

    /* Normal items */
    static const GtkActionEntry entries[] = {
      { "FileMenu", NULL, "_File" },
      { "ViewMenu", NULL, "_View" },
      { "Open", GTK_STOCK_OPEN, "_Open", "<control>O", "Open a file", open_action_callback },
      { "Exit", GTK_STOCK_QUIT, "E_xit", "<control>Q", "Exit the program", exit_action_callback },
      { "ZoomIn", GTK_STOCK_ZOOM_IN, "Zoom _In", "plus", "Zoom into the image", zoom_in_action_callback },
      { "ZoomOut", GTK_STOCK_ZOOM_OUT, "Zoom _Out", "minus", "Zoom away from the image", zoom_out_action_callback },
    };

    /* Toggle items */
    static const GtkToggleActionEntry toggle_entries[] = {
      { "FullScreen", NULL, "_Full Screen", "F11", "Switch between full screen and windowed mode", full_screen_action_callback, FALSE }
    };

    /* Radio items */
    static const GtkRadioActionEntry radio_entries[] = {
      { "HighQuality", "my-stock-high-quality", "_High Quality", NULL, "Display images in high quality, slow mode", 0 },
      { "NormalQuality", "my-stock-normal-quality", "_Normal Quality", NULL, "Display images in normal quality", 1 },
      { "LowQuality", "my-stock-low-quality", "_Low Quality", NULL, "Display images in low quality, fast mode", 2 }
    };

Example 3. XML Description

After extracting the actions, you will need to create an XML description of the actual layout of your menus and toolbars for use with GtkUIManager. The following code shows a simple menu bar that corresponds to the previous example. Note that the File and View menus have their names specified in the action entries, not in the XML itself. This is because the XML description only contains identifiers for the items in the GUI, rather than human-readable names.

    static const char *ui_description =
    "<ui>"
    "  <menubar name='MainMenu'>"
    "    <menu action='FileMenu'>"
    "      <menuitem action='Open'/>"
    "      <menuitem action='Exit'/>"
    "    </menu>"
    "    <menu action='ViewMenu'>"
    "      <menuitem action='ZoomIn'/>"
    "      <menuitem action='ZoomOut'/>"
    "      <separator/>"
    "      <menuitem action='FullScreen'/>"
    "      <separator/>"
    "      <menuitem action='HighQuality'/>"
    "      <menuitem action='NormalQuality'/>"
    "      <menuitem action='LowQuality'/>"
    "    </menu>"
    "  </menubar>"
    "</ui>";

Example 4. Creating the Menu Bar

In this last example, we will create a GtkActionGroup based on the action entries we created above. We will then create a GtkUIManager with the XML description of the menu layout. We will also extract the accelerator group and the widgets from the GtkUIManager put them into a window.

    GtkWidget *window;
    GtkWidget *vbox;
    GtkWidget *menubar;
    GtkActionGroup *action_group;
    GtkUIManager *ui_manager;
    GtkAccelGroup *accel_group;
    GError *error;

    register_my_stock_icons ();

    window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);

    vbox = gtk_vbox_new (FALSE, 0);
    gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), vbox);

    action_group = gtk_action_group_new ("MenuActions");
    gtk_action_group_add_actions (action_group, entries, G_N_ELEMENTS (entries), window);
    gtk_action_group_add_toggle_actions (action_group, toggle_entries, G_N_ELEMENTS (toggle_entries), window);
    gtk_action_group_add_radio_actions (action_group, radio_entries, G_N_ELEMENTS (radio_entries), 0, radio_action_callback, window);

    ui_manager = gtk_ui_manager_new ();
    gtk_ui_manager_insert_action_group (ui_manager, action_group, 0);

    accel_group = gtk_ui_manager_get_accel_group (ui_manager);
    gtk_window_add_accel_group (GTK_WINDOW (window), accel_group);

    error = NULL;
    if (!gtk_ui_manager_add_ui_from_string (ui_manager, ui_description, -1, &error))
      {
        g_message ("building menus failed: s", error->message);
        g_error_free (error);
        exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
      }

    menubar = gtk_ui_manager_get_widget (ui_manager, "/MainMenu");
    gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox), menubar, FALSE, FALSE, 0);

    gtk_widget_show_all (window);

Example 5. Registering the icons

Here we show how the `register_my_stock_icons()` function used in the previous example could look like.

    static struct {
      gchar *filename;
      gchar *stock_id;
    } stock_icons[] = {
      { "high-quality.png", "my-stock-high-quality" },
      { "normal-quality.png", "my-stock-normal-quality" },
      { "low-quality.png", "my-stock-low-quality" },
    };

    static gint n_stock_icons = G_N_ELEMENTS (stock_icons);

    static void
    register_my_stock_icons (void)
    {
       GtkIconFactory *icon_factory;
       GtkIconSet *icon_set;
       GtkIconSource *icon_source;
       gint i;

       icon_factory = gtk_icon_factory_new ();

       for (i = 0; i < n_stock_icons; i++)
        {
          icon_set = gtk_icon_set_new ();
          icon_source = gtk_icon_source_new ();
          gtk_icon_source_set_filename (icon_source, stock_icons[i].filename);
          gtk_icon_set_add_source (icon_set, icon_source);
          gtk_icon_source_free (icon_source);
          gtk_icon_factory_add (icon_factory, stock_icons[i].stock_id, icon_set);
          gtk_icon_set_unref (icon_set);
        }

       gtk_icon_factory_add_default (icon_factory);

       g_object_unref (icon_factory);
    }