\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-

@c @tex
@c \globaldefs=1
@c \def\baselinefactor{1.5}
@c \setleading{\textleading}
@c @end tex

@setfilename cd-text-format.info
@settitle CD Text Format

@copying
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, modify, and distribute it, as long as the
references to the original information sources are maintained.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Copyright @copyright{} 2011-2012 Thomas Schmitt @email{scdbackup@@gmx.net}.@*
Copyright @copyright{} 2012, 2025 Rocky Bernstein
@end quotation
@end copying

@paragraphindent 0
@exampleindent 0

@titlepage
@title CD Text Format
@author Thomas Schmitt for libburnia-project.org
@vskip 2in plus 1filll
@insertcopying
@end titlepage

@contents

@ifnottex
@node Top
@top CD Text Format

@insertcopying

CD Text provides a way to give disk and track information in an audio
CD. This information is used, for example, in CD players to
provide information about the audio CD.

This document describes the information available in CD Text, and how
to decode and encode it.

@menu
* Encoding and Decoding CD Text::
* Higher-Level Encoding::
* Acknowlegement::
* List of Tables::
* References::
@end menu
@end ifnottex

@node Encoding and Decoding CD Text
@chapter Encoding and Decoding CD Text

@menu
* Top-Level CD Text Categories (Pack Types)::
* Pack Contents::
* Text Pack Types::
* Misc Pack Types::
* TOC Pack Types::
* Block Size Information Type (0x8f)::
@end menu

@node Top-Level CD Text Categories (Pack Types)
@section Top-Level CD Text Categories (Pack Types)

CD Text information is grouped into @emph{blocks}, each one in a particular
language.  Up to 8 languages (or blocks) can be stored.

Within a block, there are 13 categories of information, called @emph{Pack
Types}.

The CD Text categories are identified by a single-byte code.
@xref{table:categories}.

@float Table,table:categories
@smallexample
  0x80: Title
  0x81: Performers
  0x82: Songwriters
  0x83: Composers
  0x84: Arrangers
  0x85: Message Area
  0x86: Disc Identification (in text and binary)
  0x87: Genre Identification (in text and binary)
  0x88: Table of Contents (in binary)
  0x89: Second Table of Contents (in binary)
  0x8d: Closed Information
  0x8e: UPC/EAN code of the album and ISRC code of each track
  0x8f: Block Size Information (binary)
@end smallexample
@caption{CD Text Categories}
@end float

Additional notes regarding Pack Types:
@itemize
@item Pack Types @kbd{0x8a} to @kbd{0x8c} although not specified are reserved for potential future use.

@item Pack Types @kbd{0x86}, @kbd{0x87}, @kbd{0x88}, @kbd{0x89}, @kbd{0x8d} (Disc Identification, Genre Identification, Table of Contents, Second Table of Contents and Closed Information respectively) apply to the whole
disc, and cannot be attached to individual tracks.

@item Pack Types @kbd{0x80}, @kbd{0x81}, @kbd{0x82}, @kbd{0x83}, @kbd{0x84}, @kbd{0x85}, and @kbd{0x8e} (Performers, Songwriters, Composers,
Arrangers, and Message Area respectively) have to be attributed to
each track if they are present for the whole disc.
@item Pack Type @kbd{0x8f} (Block Size Information) describes the overall content of a block and in part of all other blocks.
@end itemize

The total size of a block's attribute set is restricted by the fact
that it has to be stored in at most 253 records with 12 bytes of
payload. These records are called @emph{Text Packs} described in the
next section.  Since information such as the Disc and Genre
Identification is often the same across multiple tracks, a compact way
to repeat identical information is provided.

@node Pack Contents
@section Pack Contents

Packs are stored in CD in the sub-channel of the Lead-in of the
disc. The file @file{doc/cookbook.txt} of the
@url{http://libburnia-project.org/,libburnia} distribution describes
how to write the CD Text pack array to CD, and how to read CD Text
packs from CD. If you are just interested in a more high-level access
CD Text information without having to understand the internal
structure, you can use libcdio's CD Text API for getting and setting
fields.

The format is explained in part in Annex J of (@ref{mmc3r10g.pdf,,
MMC-3}), and in part by Sony's documentation
@ref{cdtext.zip,,cdtext.zip}.

Each pack consists of a 4-byte header, 12 bytes of payload, and 2 bytes
of CRC.

The first byte of each pack contains the pack type. See
@ref{table:categories} for a list of pack types.

The second byte often gives the track number of the pack. However, a
zero track value indicates that the information pertains to the whole
album. Higher numbers are valid for track-oriented packs (types
@kbd{0x80} to @kbd{0x85}, and @kbd{0x8e}). In these pack types, there
should be one text pack for the disc and one for each track.  With TOC
packs (types @kbd{0x88} and @kbd{0x89}), the second byte is a track
number too.  With type @kbd{0x8f}, the second byte counts the record
parts from 0 to 2.

The third byte is a sequential counter.

The fourth byte is the Block Number and Character Position Indicator.
It consists of three bit fields:

@table @dfn
@item bits 0-3
Character position. Either the number of characters which the current
text inherited from the previous pack, or 15 if the current
text started before the previous pack.
@item bits 4-6
Block Number (groups text packs in language blocks)
@item bit 7
Is 0 if single byte characters, 1 if double-byte characters.
@end table

The 12 payload bytes contain pieces of zero terminated data. When
double-byte text is used the zero is a double byte, otherwise it is a
single ASCII NUL.

A text may span over several packs. Unused characters in
a pack are used for the next text of the same pack type. If no text of
the same type follows, then the remaining text bytes are set to 0.

The CRC algorithm uses divisor @kbd{0x11021}. The resulting 16-bit
residue of the polynomial division is inverted (xor-ed with
@kbd{0xffff}) and written as Big-endian number in bytes 16 and 17 of
the pack.

The text packs are grouped in up to 8 blocks of at most 256 packs. Each
block pertains to one language. Sequence numbers of each block are
counted separately. All packs of block 0 come before the packs of block
1.

The limitation of block number and sequence numbers imply that there are
at most 2048 text packs possible.

If a text of a track (pack types @kbd{0x80} to @kbd{0x85} and
@kbd{0x8e}) repeats identically for the next track, then it may be
represented by a TAB character (ASCII 9) for single byte texts, and
two TAB characters for double byte texts.  This is desirable because
there is a somewhat limited amount of space for CD Text --- 256 * 12
bytes which may have to accommodate up to 99 tracks.

The two binary bytes of pack type @kbd{0x87} are written to the first
@kbd{0x87} pack of a block. They may or may not be repeated at the start
of the follow-up packs of type @kbd{0x87}.

@node Text Pack Types
@section Text Packs (@kbd{0x80}--@kbd{0x85}, @kbd{0x8e})

Pack types @kbd{0x80} to @kbd{0x85} and @kbd{0x8e} (Title, Performers,
Songwriters, Arrangers, Message Area and UPC/EAN code respectively)
contain a NUL-termintated string. If double-byte characters are used,
then two zero bytes terminate the text.  Of these, all except the last,
@kbd{0x8e} or UPC/EAN code, are encoded according to their block's
Character Code.  This could be either as ISO-8859-1 single byte
characters, as 7-bit ASCII single byte characters, or as MS-JIS double
byte characters.

Pack type @kbd{0x8e} is documented by Sony as:
@quotation
@emph{UPC/EAN Code (POS Code) of the
album.  This field typically consists of 13 characters.}
@end quotation
This is always ASCII encoded.  It applies to tracks as ``ISRC code
[which] typically consists of 12 characters'' and is always ISO-8859-1
encoded.  MMC calls these information entities ``Media Catalog Number''
and ``ISRC''.  The catalog number consists of 13 decimal digits.  ISRC
consists of 12 characters: 2 country code [0-9A-Z], 3 owner code
[0-9A-Z], 2 year digits (00 to 99), 5 serial number digits (00000 to
99999).

@node Misc Pack Types
@section Miscellaneous Pack Types (@kbd{0x86}, @kbd{0x87}, @kbd{0x8d})

For pack type @kbd{0x86} (Disc Identification) here is how Sony describes this:
@quotation
@emph{Catalog Number: (use ASCII Code) Catalog Number of the album}
@end quotation
So it is not really binary but might be non-printable, and should contain only
bytes with bit 7 set to zero.

Pack type @kbd{0x87} (Genre Identification) contains 2 binary bytes
followed by NUL-byte terminated text.

You can either specify a genre code or the supplementary genre
information (without the code) or both. Neither is mandatory.

Categories associated with
their Big-endian 16-bit value are listed in @ref{table:genres}.

@float Table,table:genres
@smallexample
  0x0000: Not Used. Sony prescribes this when no genre applies
  0x0001: Not Defined
  0x0002: Adult Contemporary
  0x0003: Alternative Rock
  0x0004: Childrens' Music
  0x0005: Classical
  0x0006: Contemporary Christian
  0x0007: Country
  0x0008: Dance
  0x0009: Easy Listening
  0x000a: Erotic
  0x000b: Folk
  0x000c: Gospel
  0x000d: Hip Hop
  0x000e: Jazz
  0x000f: Latin
  0x0010: Musical
  0x0011: New Age
  0x0012: Opera
  0x0013: Operetta
  0x0014: Pop Music
  0x0015: Rap
  0x0016: Reggae
  0x0017: Rock Music
  0x0018: Rhythm & Blues
  0x0019: Sound Effects
  0x001a: Spoken Word
  0x001b: World Music
@end smallexample
@caption{Genre Categories}
@end float

Sony documents report that this field contains:
@quotation
@emph{Genre information that would supplement
the Genre Code, such as ``USA Rock music in the 60's''.}
@end quotation

This information is always ASCII encoded.

Pack type @kbd{0x8d} Sony documents say:
@quotation
@emph{Closed Information: (use 8859-1 Code) Any information can
be recorded on disc as memorandum. Information in this field will not
be read by CD-TEXT players available to the public.}
@end quotation

One can however read this information with an MMC READ TOC/PMA/ATP
command.  (See Section 5.23 of @ref{mmc3r10g.pdf}).

This field is always ISO-8859-1 encoded.

@node TOC Pack Types
@section TOC Pack Types (@kbd{0x88}, @kbd{0x89})
Pack type @kbd{0x88} records information from the CD's Table of
Contents, as of READ PMA/TOC/ATIP Format @kbd{0010b}. See Table 237 TOC
Track Descriptor Format, Q Sub-channel of @ref{mmc3r10g.pdf,, MMC-3}.

This information duplicates information stored elsewhere and that can
be obtained by an MMC READ TOC/PMA/ATP command.

The first pack of type @kbd{0x88} (Table of Contents) records in its
payload bytes as follows:

@smallexample
   0 : PMIN of POINT A1 = First Track Number
   1 : PMIN of POINT A2 = Last Track Number
   2 : unknown, 0 in Sony example
   3 : PMIN of POINT A2 = Start position of Lead-Out
   4 : PSEC of POINT A2 = Start position of Lead-Out
   5 : PFRAME of POINT A2 = Start position of Lead-Out
   6 to 11 : unknown, 0 in Sony example
@end smallexample

The following packs record @kbd{PMIN}, @kbd{PSEC}, @kbd{PFRAME} of the
POINTs between the lowest track number (1 or @code{01h}) and the highest
track number (99 or @code{63h}).  The payload of the last pack is padded
by zeros.

Using the @kbd{.TOC} from Sony documents as an example:
@smallexample
  A0 01
  A1 14
  A2 63:02:18
  01 00:02:00
  02 04:11:25
  03 08:02:50
  04 11:47:62
  ...
  13 53:24:25
  14 57:03:25
@end smallexample

Encoding the above gives:
@smallexample
  88 00 23 00 01 0e 00 3f 02 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 12 00
  88 01 24 00 00 02 00 04 0b 19 08 02 32 0b 2f 3e 67 2d
  ...
  88 0d 27 00 35 18 19 39 03 19 00 00 00 00 00 00 ea af
@end smallexample

Pack type @kbd{0x89} (Second Table of Contents) is not yet clear. It
might be a representation of Playback Skip Interval, Mode-5 Q
sub-channel, POINT 01 to 40 See Section 4.2.6.3 of @ref{mmc3r10g.pdf,, MMC-3}.


The time points in the Sony example are in the time range of the
tracks numbers that are given before the time points:

@smallexample
  01 02:41:48 01 02:52:58
  06 23:14:25 06 23:29:60
  07 28:30:39 07 28:42:30
  13 55:13:26 13 55:31:50
@end smallexample

Encoding the above gives:
@smallexample
  89 01 28 00 01 04 00 00 00 00 02 29 30 02 34 3a f3 0c
  89 06 29 00 02 04 00 00 00 00 17 0e 19 17 1d 3c 73 92
  89 07 2a 00 03 04 00 00 00 00 1c 1e 27 1c 2a 1e 72 20
  89 0d 2b 00 04 04 00 00 00 00 37 0d 1a 37 1f 32 0b 62
@end smallexample

The track numbers are stored in the track number byte of the packs. The
two time points are stored in byte 6 to 11 of the payload. Byte 0 of the
payload seems to be a sequential counter. Byte 1 always 4? Byte 2 to 5
always 0?

@node Block Size Information Type (0x8f)
@section Block Size Information Type (@kbd{0x8f})

Pack type @kbd{0x8f} summarizes the whole list of text packs of a
block.  So there is one group of three @kbd{0x8f} packs per block.
Nevertheless each @kbd{0x8f} group indicates the highest sequence
number and the language code of all blocks.

The payload bytes of three @kbd{0x8f} packs form a 36-byte record.
The track number bytes of the three packs have the values 0, 1, 2.

For the format of this pack type see @ref{table:block-pack}.

@float Table,table:block-pack
@smallexample
    Byte :
       0 : Character code for pack types 0x80 to 0x85:
           0x00 = ISO-8859-1
           0x01 = 7 bit ASCII
           0x80 = MS-JIS (japanese Kanji, double byte characters)
       1 : Number of first track
       2 : Number of last track
       3 : value 3 means CD-TEXT is copyrighted,
           value 0 means CD-TEXT is not copyrighted
  4 - 19 : Pack count of the various types 0x80 to 0x8f.
           Byte number N tells the count of packs of type 0x80 + (N - 4).
           I.e. the first byte in this field of 16 counts packs of type 0x80.
 20 - 27 : Highest sequence byte number of blocks 0 to 7.
 28 - 36 : Language code for blocks 0 to 7 (tech3264.pdf appendix 3)
@end smallexample
@caption{Block Size Information Type}
@end float

Table @ref{table:languages} specifies the language codes that are
referred to in bytes 28-38 of @ref{table:block-pack}.

@float Table,table:languages
@smallexample
0x00: Unknown                  0x50: Sranan Tongo
0x01: Albanian                 0x51: Somali
0x02: Breton                   0x52: Sinhalese
0x03: Catalan                  0x53: Shona
0x04: Croatian                 0x54: Serbo-croat
0x05: Welsh                    0x55: Ruthenian
0x06: Czech                    0x56: Russian
0x07: Danish                   0x57: Quechua
0x08: German                   0x58: Pushtu
0x09: English                  0x59: Punjabi
0x0a: Spanish                  0x5a: Persian
0x0b: Esperanto                0x5b: Papamiento
0x0c: Estonian                 0x5c: Oriya
0x0d: Basque                   0x5d: Nepali
0x0e: Faroese                  0x5e: Ndebele
0x0f: French                   0x5f: Marathi
0x10: Frisian                  0x60: Moldavian
0x11: Irish                    0x61: Malaysian
0x12: Gaelic                   0x62: Malagasay
0x13: Galician                 0x63: Macedonian
0x14: Iceland                  0x64: Laotian
0x15: Italian                  0x65: Korean
0x16: Lappish                  0x66: Khmer
0x17: Latin                    0x67: Kazakh
0x18: Latvian                  0x68: Kannada
0x19: Luxembourgian            0x69: Japanese
0x1a: Lithuanian               0x6a: Indonesian
0x1b: Hungarian                0x6b: Hindi
0x1c: Maltese                  0x6c: Hebrew
0x1d: Dutch                    0x6d: Hausa
0x1e: Norwegian                0x6e: Gurani
0x1f: Occitan                  0x6f: Gujurati
0x20: Polish                   0x70: Greek
0x21: Portuguese               0x71: Georgian
0x22: Romanian                 0x72: Fulani
0x23: Romanish                 0x73: Dari
0x24: Serbian                  0x74: Churash
0x25: Slovak                   0x75: Chinese
0x26: Slovenian                0x76: Burmese
0x27: Finnish                  0x77: Bulgarian
0x28: Swedish                  0x78: Bengali
0x29: Turkish                  0x79: Bielorussian
0x2a: Flemish                  0x7a: Bambora
0x2b: Wallon                   0x7b: Azerbaijani
0x45: Zulu                     0x7c: Assamese
0x46: Vietnamese               0x7d: Armenian
0x47: Uzbek                    0x7e: Arabic
0x48: Urdu                     0x7f: Amharic
0x49: Ukrainian
0x4a: Thai
0x4b: Telugu
0x4c: Tatar
0x4d: Tamil
0x4e: Tadzhik
0x4f: Swahili
@end smallexample
@caption{Language Codes}
@end float

Note: Not all of the language codes in @ref{table:languages} have
ever been seen with CD Text.

Using the preceding information, we can work out the following example.
@smallexample
  42 : 8f 00 2a 00 01 01 03 00 06 05 04 05 07 06 01 02 48 65
  43 : 8f 01 2b 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 03 2c 00 00 00 c0 20
  44 : 8f 02 2c 00 00 00 00 00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 45
@end smallexample
decodes to:
@smallexample
Byte :Value Meaning
   0 : 01 = ASCII 7-bit
   1 : 01 = first track is 1
   2 : 03 = last track is 3
   3 : 00 = copyright (0 = public domain, 3 = copyrighted ?)
   4 : 06 = 6 packs of type 0x80
   5 : 05 = 5 packs of type 0x81
   6 : 04 = 4 packs of type 0x82
   7 : 05 = 5 packs of type 0x83
   8 : 07 = 7 packs of type 0x84
   9 : 06 = 6 packs of type 0x85
  10 : 01 = 1 pack  of type 0x86
  11 : 02 = 2 packs of type 0x87
  12 : 00 = 0 packs of type 0x88
  13 : 00 = 0 packs of type 0x89
  14 : 00 00 00 00 = 0 packs of types 0x8a to 0x8d
  18 : 06 = 6 packs of type 0x8e
  19 : 03 = 3 packs of type 0x8f
  20 : 2c = last sequence for block 0
            This matches the sequence number of the last text pack (0x2c = 44)
  21 : 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 = last sequence numbers for block 1..7 (none)
  28 : 09 = language code for block 0: English
  29 : 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 = language codes for block 1..7 (none)
@end smallexample

@node Higher-Level Encoding
@chapter Higher-Level Encoding

This part gives examples of two ways to input CD Text for burning.

@menu
* Sony Text File Format (Input Sheet Version 0.7T)::
* CDRWIN Cue Sheet with CD Text::
@end menu

@node Sony Text File Format (Input Sheet Version 0.7T)
@section Sony Text File Format (Input Sheet Version 0.7T)

This text file format provides comprehensive means to define the text
attributes of session and tracks for a single block. More than one
such file has to be read to form an attribute set with multiple blocks.

The information is given by text lines of the following form:
  purpose specifier [whitespace] = [whitespace] content text
[whitespace] is zero or more ASCII 32 (space) or ASCII 9 (tab) characters.
The purpose specifier tells the meaning of the content text.
Empty content text does not cause a CD Text attribute to be attached.

The following purpose specifiers apply to the session as a whole:

@smallexample
  Specifier           =  Meaning

  Text Code           =  Character code for pack type 0x8f
                         "ASCII", "8859"
  Language Code       =  One of the language names for pack type 0x8f
  Album Title         =  Content of pack type 0x80
  Artist Name         =  Content of pack type 0x81
  Songwriter          =  Content of pack type 0x82
  Composer            =  Content of pack type 0x83
  Arranger            =  Content of pack type 0x84
  Album Message       =  Content of pack type 0x85
  Catalog Number      =  Content of pack type 0x86
  Genre Code          =  One of the genre names for pack type 0x87
  Genre Information   =  Cleartext part of pack type 0x87
  Closed Information  =  Content of pack type 0x8d
  UPC / EAN           =  Content of pack type 0x8e
  Text Data Copy Protection = Copyright value for pack type 0x8f
                              "ON" = 0x03, "OFF" = 0x00
  First Track Number  =  The lowest track number used in the file
  Last Track Number   =  The highest track number used in the file
@end smallexample

The following purpose specifiers apply to particular tracks:
@smallexample
  Track NN Title      =  Content of pack type 0x80
  Track NN Artist     =  Content of pack type 0x81
  Track NN Songwriter =  Content of pack type 0x82
  Track NN Composer   =  Content of pack type 0x83
  Track NN Arranger   =  Content of pack type 0x84
  Track NN Message    =  Content of pack type 0x85
  ISRC NN             =  Content of pack type 0x8e
@end smallexample

The following purpose specifiers have no effect on CD Text:
@smallexample
  Remarks             =  Comments with no influence on CD Text
  Disc Information NN =  Supplementary information for use by record companies.
                         ISO-8859-1 encoded. NN ranges from 01 to 04.
  Input Sheet Version =  "0.7T"
@end smallexample

An example @code{cdrskin} run with three tracks:

@smallexample
  $ cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v input_sheet_v07t=NIGHTCATS.TXT \
            -audio track_source_1 track_source_2 track_source_3
@end smallexample

The contexts of file @file{NIGHTCATS.TXT} used above is:
@smallexample
Input Sheet Version = 0.7T
Text Code           = 8859
Language Code       = English
Album Title         = Joyful Nights
Artist Name         = United Cat Orchestra
Songwriter          = Various Songwriters
Composer            = Various Composers
Arranger            = Tom Cat
Album Message       = For all our fans
Catalog Number      = 1234567890
Genre Code          = Classical
Genre Information   = Feline classic music
Closed Information  = This is not to be shown by CD players
UPC / EAN           = 1234567890123
Text Data Copy Protection = OFF
First Track Number  = 1
Last Track Number   = 3
Track 01 Title      =  Song of Joy
Track 01 Artist     =  Felix and The Purrs
Track 01 Songwriter =  Friedrich Schiller
Track 01 Composer   =  Ludwig van Beethoven
Track 01 Arranger   =  Tom Cat
Track 01 Message    =  Fritz and Louie once were punks
ISRC 01             =  XYBLG1101234
Track 02 Title      =  Humpty Dumpty
Track 02 Artist     =  Catwalk Beauties
Track 02 Songwriter =  Mother Goose
Track 02 Composer   =  unknown
Track 02 Arranger   =  Tom Cat
Track 02 Message    =  Pluck the goose
ISRC 02             =  XYBLG1100005
Track 03 Title      =  Mee Owwww
Track 03 Artist     =  Mia Kitten
Track 03 Songwriter =  Mia Kitten
Track 03 Composer   =  Mia Kitten
Track 03 Arranger   =  Mia Kitten
Track 03 Message    =
ISRC 03             =  XYBLG1100006
@end smallexample

@node CDRWIN Cue Sheet with CD Text
@section CDRWIN Cue Sheet with CD Text

A CDRWIN cue sheet file defines the track data source (@kbd{FILE}),
various text attributes (@kbd{CATALOG}, @kbd{TITLE}, @kbd{PERFORMER},
@kbd{SONGWRITER}, @kbd{ISRC}), track block types (@kbd{TRACK}), track
start addresses (@kbd{INDEX}).  The rules for CDRWIN cue sheet files are
described at @url{http://digitalx.org/cue-sheet/syntax/} [4].

There are three more text attributes mentioned in the cdrecord manual
page for defining the corresponding CD Text attributes: @kbd{ARRANGER},
@kbd{COMPOSER}, @kbd{MESSAGE}.

An Example of a CDRWIN cue sheet file:
@smallexample
CATALOG 1234567890123
FILE "audiodata.bin" BINARY
TITLE "Joyful Nights"
  TRACK 01 AUDIO
    FLAGS DCP
    TITLE "Song of Joy"
    PERFORMER "Felix and The Purrs"
    SONGWRITER "Friedrich Schiller"
    ISRC XYBLG1101234
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
  TRACK 02 AUDIO
    FLAGS DCP
    TITLE "Humpty Dumpty"
    PERFORMER "Catwalk Beauties"
    SONGWRITER "Mother Goose"
    ISRC XYBLG1100005
    INDEX 01 08:20:12
  TRACK 03 AUDIO
    FLAGS DCP
    TITLE "Mee Owwww"
    PERFORMER "Mia Kitten"
    SONGWRITER "Mia Kitten"
    ISRC XYBLG1100006
    INDEX 01 13:20:33
@end smallexample

@node Acknowledgement
@unnumbered Acknowledgement
Thanks to Leon Merten Lohse.

@node List of Tables
@unnumbered List of Tables
@listoffloats Table

@node References
@unnumbered References

@enumerate
@item Correspondence with Leon Merten Lohse
in @email{libcdio-devel@@gnu.org}, December 2011. @* Mail archives at
@url{http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/libcdio-devel/2011-12/index.html}

@item @emph{SCSI Multimedia Commands --- 3 (MMC-3)},@anchor{mmc3r10g.pdf} Revision 10g, November 12. 2011.@*
Google for @file{mmc3r10g.pdf}
See especially Section 5.23 (READ TOC/PMA/ATIP Command),
see Table 237 (TOC Track Descriptor Format, Q
Sub-channel), Annex J (CD Text format in the Lead-in Area) and
Sections 4.2.5.3 (Mode-5 Q).

@item ``Materials describing the procedure of the procedure of authoring and mastering for creating CD TEXT disks on equipment developed by Sony HAV Company'',@anchor{cdtext.zip}@*
@file{http://www.sonydadc.com/file/cdtext.zip} which was previously found on Sony's web site circa 2007. You may be able to get this from the ``Wayback Archive'', such as @url{http://web.archive.org/web/20070204035327/http://www.sonydadc.com/file/cdtext.zip}@*

@item Cue-Sheet Syntax
@url{http://digitalx.org/cue-sheet/syntax}

@item @emph{libburnia} project @url{http://libburnia-project.org}
See @file{doc} directory in that project.

@item @emph{libcdio} source code @url{http://www.gnu.org/s/libcdio}

@item @emph{cdrecord} source code @url{ftp://ftp.berlios.de/pub/cdrecord/alpha}
@item @emph{cdrecord} manual page.
@url{http://cdrecord.berlios.de/private/man/cdrecord/cdrecord.1.html}

@item @emph{Specification of the EBU Subtitling data exchange format},@*
Appendix 3. February 1991
@url{http://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3264.pdf} @*
Contains CD Text Language codes shown in @ref{table:languages}.

@item Genre codes
@url{http://helpdesk.audiofile-engineering.com/index.php?pg=kb.page&id=123}
@end enumerate

@bye
